Tips for Being a Nurturing Parent
Help your children feel loved and secure.
The Hoover-Dempsey & Sandler
(1995, 1997) Model of Parental Involvement
LEVEL 5:
Child/Student Outcomes |
|
Skills and
Knowledge |
Efficacy for Doing
Well in School |
LEVEL 4: Tempering/Mediating
Variables |
|
Parents' Use of
Developmentally Appropriate Involvement Strategies |
Fit between
Parents' Involvement Actions & School Expectations |
LEVEL 3:
Mechanisms through which Parent Involvement Influences Child/Student
Outcomes |
|||
Modeling |
Reinforcement |
Instruction |
|
Close-Ended |
Open-Ended |
LEVEL 2: Parents'
Choice of Involvement Forms |
||||
Specific Domains of
Parents' Skills & Knowledge |
Mix of Demands on
Total Time & Energy from: |
Specific
Invitations and Demands for Involvement from: |
||
Other Family Demands |
Employment Demands |
Child(ren) |
School/Teacher(s) |
|
LEVEL 1: Parental
Involvement Decision |
|||
Parent's
Construction of the Parental Role |
Parent's Sense of
Efficacy for Helping Child(ren) Succeed in School |
General
Opportunities and Demands for Parental Involvement Presented by: |
|
The Parent's Child(ren) |
Child(ren)'s School(s) |
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